Afghanistan used to practice Monarchy and Mohammed Zahir Shah was their last King, He ruled Afghanistan for over 39 Years… from 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973.
He was modernizing Afghanistan and expanding it’s diplomatic relations with many countries, His Long reign was Peaceful but they lost that peace when his Cousin Brother Mohammed Daoud Khan Overthrew him.
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Mohammed Daoud Khan, was appointed as a Prime Minister of Afghanistan during the Reign of his Cousin, He resigned as Prime Minister after Serving from 1953 to 1963, Ten years after his resignation as prime minister he overthrew the king of Afghanistan (His Cousin), He was backed by Afghan Army officers, He ended Monarchy in Afghanistan and declared himself as the first President of the Republic of Afghanistan in 1973.
As a President He was known for his autocratic rule, his foreign policy didn’t go well with neighbouring countries, and he was assassinated in 1978 during the Saur Revolution led by the communist People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).
After the Coup, Nur Muhammad Taraki who was a founding member of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) became the President and served from 1978 to 1979 only. His presidency was short-lived because The government was divided between two factions of the Rulling Party coupled with other controversies which led to his overthrow and Murder. Hafizullah Amin who was also a member of the rulling Party led the rebellion against Muhammad Taraki. After overthowing him They Murdered him and Reported that he died because of illness.
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Hafizullah Amin named himself Prime Minister, President of the Revolutionary Council, and General Secretary of the PDPA Central Committee. He ruled Afghanistan from September 1979 until his assassination in December 1979. His Reign was very short because the Soviet Union intervened.
After the assassination of Hafizullah Amin the Soviet Union Installed Babrak Karmal as President of Afghanistan and he served as President for 7years.
Babrak Karmal tried to fix things But Many Afghan people saw him as a Puppet of the Soviet Union, and Afghan Mujahideen rose up against his Government, (The Mujahideen were Various Insurgent Islamic Groups, Including Other fighters who are not from Afghanistan People like OSAMA BIN LADEN who joined Mujahideen).
The Mujahideen who was supported primarily by United States, Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, China, and the United Kingdom fought a nine-year guerrilla war against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government throughout the 1980s. The international community imposed numerous sanctions and embargoes against the Soviet Union and that war contributed to the Collapsing of the Soviet Union.
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By 1989 The Soviet Union have withdrawn all their Army leaving the Afghan government forces alone in the battle against the Afghan mujahideen, after which the war against the existing regime continued. After the Colapse of the Soviet Union, The Afghan mujahideen took Kabul in 1992.
When it is time for The Afghan Mujahideen to Choose someone that would rule Afghanistan from among them they started having disagreements within themselves, and thus various Factions were formed, One of these Factions are called the Taliban. Many of the Taliban were Trained by U.S./Pakistan to fight against the Soviet Union, they were probably the most powerful of all the Afghan Mujahideen and they wanted the Power to rule Afghanistan by Fire and by Force Against the will of U.S.
The Taliban declared themselves the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan… and they Have been fighting Against those other Factions, From 1996 to 2001, the Taliban held power over roughly three-quarters of Afghanistan, and enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law.
On September 11 2001 USA experienced four coordinated terrible attacks by Al-Qaeda (Al Queda was formed by Osama Bin Laden with several other Arab volunteers during the Soviet–Afghan War. Al Qaeda is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization which was later regarded as terrorist Organization by Many countries)
After the 9/11 Attacks Osama Bin Laden hid in Afghanistan. Taliban controlling Majority of Afghanistan, USA demanded that they should hand Osama Bin Laden over to them but the Taliban Government allegedly Protected him.
The US and United Kingdom and their allies invaded Afghanistan with the aim of Overthrowing the Taliban, claimin they aim at dissolving Al Qaeda. They called the invasion War On Terror.
During the administration of Barack Obama, Osama Bin Laden was Reported dead. The war against Taliban continued till till February 29, 2020 when the U.S. and the Taliban signed a peace agreement titled “the Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan”,
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Joe Biden is keep the agreement by withdrawing American and NATO troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban are taking Over the whole Country, they pledged to prevent al-Qaeda from operating in areas under their control.
Presently the democratic President of Afghanistan Ashraf Ghan ran away from Afghanistan as the Taliban entered Kabul… so obviously the Taliban would officially take over Afghanistan unless Ashraf Ghan decides to gather support and fight.
